Diagnostic value of fine-needle aspiration biopsy for breast mass: a systematic review and meta-analysis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of the breast is a minimally invasive yet maximally diagnostic method. However, the clinical use of FNAB has been questioned. The purpose of our study was to establish the overall value of FNAC in the diagnosis of breast lesions.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>After a review and quality assessment of 46 studies, sensitivity, specificity and other measures of accuracy of FNAB for evaluating breast lesions were pooled using random-effects models. Summary receiver operating characteristic curves were used to summarize overall accuracy. The sensitivity and specificity for the studies data (included unsatisfactory samples) and underestimation rate of unsatisfactory samples were also calculated.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The summary estimates for FNAB in diagnosis of breast carcinoma were as follows (unsatisfactory samples was temporarily exluded): sensitivity, 0.927 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.921 to 0.933); specificity, 0.948 (95% CI, 0.943 to 0.952); positive likelihood ratio, 25.72 (95% CI, 17.35 to 28.13); negative likelihood ratio, 0.08 (95% CI, 0.06 to 0.11); diagnostic odds ratio, 429.73 (95% CI, 241.75 to 763.87); The pooled sensitivity and specificity for 11 studies, which reported unsatisfactory samples (unsatisfactory samples was considered to be positive in this classification) were 0.920 (95% CI, 0.906 to 0.933) and 0.768 (95% CI, 0.751 to 0.784) respectively. The pooled proportion of unsatisfactory samples that were subsequently upgraded to various grade cancers was 27.5% (95% CI, 0.221 to 0.296).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>FNAB is an accurate biopsy for evaluating breast malignancy if rigorous criteria are used. With regard to unsatisfactory samples, futher invasive procedures are required in order to minimize the chance of a missed diagnosis of breast cancer.</p

Transperitoneal guide-wire or drainage catheter placement for guidance of laparoscopic marsupialization of lymphocoeles post renal transplantation

Background: Lymphocoeles post renal transplantation can be difficult to see laparoscopically. The objective of this study was to report a new technique of catheter or guide‐wire placement for the guidance of laparoscopic marsupialization of symptomatic post renal transplant lymphocoeles, refractory to conservative therapy. Methods: Conventional aseptic technique under local anaesthesia was used for guide‐wire or catheter insertion, with the difference being the use of a transperitoneal approach. Computerized tomography (CT) or ultrasound (US) guidance was used. All lesions were confirmed to be sterile lymphocoeles beforehand by either needle aspiration or previous catheter drainage. Results: Four catheters and one guide‐wire were placed pre‐operatively without complication. All cases underwent satisfactory laparoscopic marsupialization. No immediate complications were noted in any patient. The drainage catheters were inserted between 5 and 19 days before laparoscopic marsupialization, and guide‐wire inserted immediately before. All patients proceeded to laparoscopic marsupialization. Conclusions: This technique offers precise guidance on laparoscopic surgery, is relatively simple to perform and no complications were experienced in this study. Its use is limited to sterile and benign lesions due to the risks of peritoneal seeding, making recurrent post‐operative lymphocoeles ideally suited for this application.Mark L. H. Tie, M. Mohan Rao, Chris Russell and Kanchanabat Burap

Influence of adhesive drapes on intraperitoneal volume and pressure during laparoscopy

Background : The influence of adhesive skin drapes on abdominal wall compliance during laparoscopy has not previously been studied. Methods : The effect of removing an adhesive abdominal drape on intraperitoneal volume and pressure was studied in 15 patients undergoing a variety of laparoscopic procedures. The internal consistency of this data was evaluated by comparing the observed response to that which was predicted from analysis based on the theory of elasticity. Results : Removal of an adhesive skin drape after induction of a 15-mmHg pneumoperitoneum was associated with changes in intraperitoneal pressure and volume. These changes were statistically significant, highly predictable and clinically relevant. Conclusions : On the basis of the present observations, we recommend that extensive coverage by adhesive drapes should be avoided for those patients or procedures in which elevated intraperitoneal pressure may be particularly deleterious.Mark Siddins, John Boland, Marcus Riederer, Burapa Kanchanabat, M. Mohan Rao, Peter Hewet

Segmental infarction with graft dysfunction: an emerging syndrome in renal transplantation?

BackgroundSegmental allograft infarction is a poorly characterized complication following renal transplantation. The present study was undertaken with the goal of defining the incidence, clinical characteristics, pathogenesis, and prognosis of this entity.MethodsA retrospective study was performed, reviewing the renal scans performed on all renal transplant recipients at our institution, from January 1997 to January 2000. Segmental infarction was diagnosed on the basis of a significant elevation in lactate dehydrogenase (>500 U/l) together with a photopenic perfusion defect. In these patients, graft characteristics, operative details, clinical course, and long-term outcomes were evaluated.ResultsSegmental infarction was identified in 13 of 277 consecutive renal transplant recipients (4.7%). In nine recipients the onset of infarction occurred within 24 h after transplantation. All received marginal grafts, and in five recipients the transplant operation was complicated by major blood loss. Eight of these recipients exhibited primary non-function, or developed dialysis-dependent renal failure after the onset of infarction. In four patients, the onset of infarction occurred after 24 h (35 h to 10 days). One recipient demonstrated primary non-function, and renal function deteriorated after the onset of infarction in the remaining three. Overall, long-term graft function was impaired. Two allografts never functioned, and six recipients had nadir creatinine clearances below 60 ml/min.ConclusionsThe pathogenesis of segmental infarction appears to be multi-factorial, reflecting the combination of an initiating anatomic lesion and potentiating thrombogenic milieu. Segmental infarction typically occurs in the early postoperative period, and prompt diagnosis is difficult to obtain. In view of this, prophylactic heparin may be warranted for those at highest risk. There was no correlation between the infarct area and the graft function, and the long-term graft function is compromised out of proportion to the extent of parenchymal loss. This finding highlights the role of predisposing factors, particularly marginal graft quality, in determining the functional outcome. Segmental infarction may be more frequently encountered as cadaveric organ shortages encourage greater use of marginal donor kidneys.Burapa Kanchanabat; Mark Siddins; Toby Coates; Mark Tie; Christine H. Russell; Timothy Mathew and Mohan M. Ra

Dendritic cell TH2 cytokine gene therapy in sheep

T. Coates, R. Krishnan, G. Chew, S. Kireta, J. Johnston, B. Kanachanabat, C.H. Russell, M. Siddins, and G.R. Rus

DVT in degenerative cervical spine disease

Study design: A prospective observational study. Objectives: To determine the incidence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and to evaluate the risk factors for DVT development associated with degenerative cervical spine disease. Setting: Hokkaido Spinal Cord Injury Center, Japan. Methods: Between April 2008 and March 2015, patients with degenerative cervical spine disease, such as compressive myelopathy or radiculopathy, who underwent surgical treatment were prospectively assessed. Leg vein ultrasonography and D-dimer tests were performed preoperatively and at 4 days after surgery. All patients received treatment with intermittent pneumatic compression and elastic stockings for primary DVT prophylaxis. No anticoagulation medications were used for DVT prophylaxis. Results: A total of 289 patients (203 males, 86 females; median age: 67 years (interquartile range, 58-76)) were included. Nine patients (3.1%) exhibited DVT during the perioperative period. All 9 cases were women who had distal DVT. The incidences of preoperative and postoperative DVT were 1.1% and 2.1%, respectively. The univariate analysis showed that statistically significant risk factors for perioperative DVT included female gender (P < 0.01), advanced age (P = 0.04), a low Japanese Orthopaedic Association score (P = 0.03), rapidly progressive myelopathy (P < 0.01), and inability to walk (P = 0.01). The multivariate analysis showed that rapidly progressive myelopathy (P = 0.04) was the most important risk factor. Conclusion: Female gender and rapidly progressive myelopathy are high-risk factors that predict the development of DVT during the perioperative period of cervical spine surgery. This result indicates that screening and treatment for DVT are needed in such high-risk patients